Modernity & Modernism
Terms - ‘modern’, & ‘modernity’
John Ruskin (1819-1900)
Modernity - industrialisation, urbanisation, the city
1900 - Urbanisation, life is shifted into the clock of the factory and created a rationalised form of existence and things began to be invented to create leisure such as the cinema.
Railways started to come about and places were more accessible and there became a world time that everyone had to agree on.
Enlightenment - Period in late 18th century when scientific /philosophical thinking made leaps and bounds.
Human ditches God in favour of the modern and the new
The City - It almost becomes the major figure of modernity, modern is unapologetic and overtakes the historic.
The word modern makes things nowadays seem better and if that label is on something it's looked at in a different light.
Modern artists’ response to the city
Paris - Haussmann (city architect) redesigns Paris, created large boulevards in favour of narrow streets and this made it easier to police, a form of social control. The centre becomes an upper class zone as the dangerous elements of the working classes are moved away from the centre. A city design the accommodate the modern but also for control.
Caillebotte & Manet - art shows how life is becoming isolated and explores the alienation from the world and being overwhelmed.
The Flaneur - Wore their fancy modern clothes and walked round the city just to be seen
Modern art and photography
Kaiserpanorama (1883) - viewing machine, why would someone pay to see the world instead of going and seeing it themselves, technology takes over our senses and the idea of a reliance on technology.
Max Nordau - Degeneration (1892), (anti-modernist) and predicted his worries of the modern world.
If we think about subjective experience (the experience of the individual in the modern world) we start to understand modern art and the experience of modernity.
Modernism in design
- Anti-historicism
- Truth to materials
- Form follows function
- Technology
- Internationalism
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